厨余垃圾堆肥蓬松剂技术研究

为解决厨余垃圾好氧堆肥过程中含水率高、有机物含量大等问题，分别添加锯末、树叶、秸杆和干马粪为蓬松剂进行厨余堆肥技术研究。采用翻转式堆肥设备，利用出口气体检测仪、温度计及扫描电镜，研究添加蓬松剂堆肥过程中耗氧速率，温度，出口CO2、H2S、O2浓度，堆料结构及微生物群落变化。试验结果表明，添加蓬松剂堆肥，堆料所能达到的高温及其停留时间、好氧速率、产CO2气体能力均明显优于对照组，并能很好地控制出口H2S气体浓度。特别是以干马粪和锯末作为蓬松剂，可明显改善堆料孔隙率，吸收多余水分，加速氧和有机物的传输速率，改善好氧堆肥微环境。因此，厨余垃圾堆肥过程中加入干马粪、锯末等蓬松剂是保证堆肥顺利进行、提高堆肥效率的有效方法。     

Reaction of ortho-methoxybenzoic acid with the water disinfecting agents ozone, chlorine and sodium hypochlorite

Ozone, chlorine and sodium hypochlorite are commonly used as disinfecting agents for drinking water production. The reaction pathways of ozonation and chlorination of o-methoxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that less than 1% of o-methoxybenzoic acid remains in reaction. The final major products using ozone oxidation are oxalic and glyoxalic acids. Phenols appear only at insufficient ozone levels. Sodium hypochlorite leads to higher levels of primary products. Molecular chlorine leads to the formation of higher amounts of polychlorinated derivatives. Model experiments allow to propose schemes of o-methoxybenzoic acid transformation under the conditions simulating water treatment processes.     

Destruction of diphenylarsine chloride (CLARK I) with activated ozone

The new technology of Plasmazon® uses the extremely strong oxidation of radicals to break up the compocunds of organic connections, e.g. chemical warfare agents like Clark I. In making a comparison of oxidation to normal ozone, the factor of the Plasmazon® -technology is available up to 10³. The investigation in an experimental test shows that it is possible to destroy the warfare agent character of Clark I. As the possibility of a large-lot application this technology is the method of choice for other chemical or biological warfare agents.     

Determination of chemical warfare agents

Ethylarsine dichloride was used during WW I as a chemical warfare agent. Residues of this chemical warfare agent and its metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of ethylarsine dichloride is shown. Six dithiols were tested as possible derivatization reagents for ethylarsine dichloride. With selection of the dithiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

某炼钢厂净、浊循环系统水质稳定配方相互影响的研究

通过对照实验,研究了净循环系统中A系列药剂缓蚀、阻垢的效果,以及循环系统中加入A、B两系列药剂对缓蚀、阻垢的影响,说明了在B系列药剂存在的循环系统中加入A系列药剂,其缓蚀、阻垢效果基本上不产生相互影响.     

染料废水脱色方法

染料污水中污染物主要来自一些成色物质，如活性黄、活性蓝、碱性紫、碱性蓝等，染料的可生化性一般都较差，并使污水呈现出一定的色度，影响了美观。本文就染料废水最新的一些脱色方法进行了探讨。     

化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用

论述了化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用,大量的试验测试数据表明:该除尘方法投资省、运营费用低、除尘效果好、简单易操作。     

铝基牺牲阳极材料污损失效概述

结合国内外以往海洋生物污损和铝基牺牲阳极服役情况的调查,综述了铝基牺牲阳极材料污损失效的研究进展,介绍并分析了污损生物导致铝基牺牲阳极失效的原因.针对污损失效现象尚无有效防护技术的现状,结合以往的海洋生物污损控制方法,探讨了牺牲阳极污损失效的防护技术,为牺牲阳极污损失效的研究及控制提供参考.     

叶轮气浮机用浮选剂研究

采用阳离子聚合物的表面活性剂作浮选剂，能增强气泡与絮粒的粘附能力，提高气浮分离效果，用该浮选剂对南充炼油厂的南阳油田稠油污水进行处理，去浊率达到９０％左右，处理效果与美国埃克森公司产３３９０浮选剂相当。     

铁铝吸附剂对起爆药污染土壤中锑的稳定化研究

采用3种铁基吸附剂（FeSO₄•7H₂O、针铁矿、Fe⁰）和铝基吸附剂（Al（OH）₃）,对某起爆药污染场地土壤中锑（Sb）进行稳定化处理,通过等温吸附实验、批量浸出实验、比表面积测定以及BCR分析,研究了铁、铝单一和混合吸附剂的稳定化效果以及稳定化前后土壤比表面积及Sb形态的变化.结果表明：不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的等温吸附符合Freundlich模型,FeSO₄ （log K_f= 5.85）的吸附能力明显高于Fe⁰ （log K_f = 3.21）和针铁矿（log K_f = 4.32）;稳定时间为10d的条件下,不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的稳定化效率随添加量的增大而提高,且10%FeSO₄（97.1%） > 10% Fe⁰（72.3%） > 针铁矿（41.0%）;FeSO₄的添加明显促进了土壤中Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出,达到原土壤浸出浓度的1990.2、2.8倍和21.6倍,添加Al（OH）₃后能够显著降低Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出浓度,添加量为4%时,稳定化效率分别达到93.8%（Zn）、93.5%（Cu）和98.3%（Pb）;5%FeSO₄和4% Al（OH）₃混合吸附剂对Sb及Zn、Cu、Pb的综合稳定化效率最好,处理10d后稳定化效率最高可达94.6%、74.2%、82.2%和97.6%;进一步分析表明,混合吸附剂添加后比表面积能够达到原土壤的1.31~1.67倍,残渣态Sb比例增加0.037~0.197倍,与稳定化效果相一致,表明铁铝混合吸附剂是处理起爆药污染场地复合重金属污染土壤的有效途径.